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Indigo2 and POWER Indigo2 Technical Report

Version 2.0

Table of Contents

Section 1: IRIS Indigo2 Overview

1.1 Indigo2 CPUs

1.1.1 R4400SC Key Features
1.1.2 R8000 POWER Indigo2 Key Features

1.2 Indigo2 Graphics

1.3 Indigo2 Technology

1.4 Indigo2 Audio and Video

1.4.1 Galileo Video


Section 2: The IRIS Indigo2 Workstation

2.1 Standard Equipment

2.1.1 Drive Bays
2.1.2 Ports

2.2 Optional Peripherals

2.2.1 3.5" Internal Devices
2.2.2 5.25" Internal Devices
2.2.3 External Devices


Section 3: IRIS Indigo2 CPU Boards

3.1 Processor Core

3.1.1 MIPS R4400SC CPU Module
3.1.2 MIPS R4600SC CPU Module
3.1.3 MIPS R8000 Module
3.1.4 MC ASIC

3.2 GI064 Bus

3.3 EISA Bus

3.4 Main Memory

3.5 The I/O System

3.6 The Audio System

3.6.1 HAL2 ASIC
3.6.2 Codecs
3.6.3 Serial Digital Audio Transmitter
3.6.4 Serial Digital Audio Receiver
3.6.5 Microphone
3.6.6 Internal Speaker
3.6.7 Headphone Output

3.7 Expansion Slots


Section 4: XL Graphics

4.1 Graphics Processing
4.2 The Raster Engine
4.3 Framebuffer and Clipping Planes
4.4 Color Lookup


Section 5: XZ and Extreme Graphics

5.1 Features

5.2 VLSI Integration

5.3 Graphics Architecture

5.4 The CPU Interface

5.5 Packaging

5.6 Graphics Hardware

5.6.1 Command Engine
5.6.2 Geometry Subsystem
5.6.3 Raster Subsystem
5.6.4 Display Subsystem

5.7 XZ and Extreme Graphics Features

5.7.1 Micropixel Sub-Pixel Positioning
5.7.2 Blending
5.7.3 Point Anti-Aliasing
5.7.4 Line Anti-Aliasing
5.7.5 SharpScene Accumulation Buffer
5.7.6 Lighting Features
5.7.7 Atmospheric Effects
5.7.8 Texture Mapping
5.7.9 Stencil Planes
5.7.10 Arbitrary Clipping Planes
5.7.11 Pixel Read, Write, and Copy


Section 6: Software Environment

6.1 Operating System

6.1.1 IRIX 5.3
6.1.2 IRIX 6.0.1
6.1.3 The X Window System

6.2 Indigo Magic

6.2.1 IRIS InSight™ Viewer
6.2.2 IRIS Showcase 3.0
6.2.3 Media Tools
6.2.4 Digital Media Clip Library

6.3 IRIS Explorer

6.4 Developer Tools

6.4.1 CASEVision
6.4.2 Compilers and Standard Development Tools
6.4.3 The IRIS Graphics Library
6.4.4 Open GL
6.4.5 IRIS Inventor
6.4.6 Image Processing Library
6.4.7 Digital Media Libraries

6.5 Networking


Section 7: The R8000 POWER Indigo2

7.0.1 Superscalar Implementation
7.0.2 R8000 Integer Unit Organization
7.0.3 Integer Operations
7.0.4 R8000 Floating-Point Unit Organization
7.0.5 Data Streaming Cache and Tag RAM
7.0.6 FPU Operations
7.0.7 R8000 Interface to the System Board


Section 8: The IRIX 6.0.1 Operating System

8.1 Kernel Architecture

8.2 Memory Management

8.3 Process Management (Scheduling)

8.4 Synchronization Primitives

8.5 Light-weight Processes

8.6 File Services

8.7 Extent File System

8.7.1 File System Reorganizer

8.8 I/O Performance Improvement Options

8.8.1 Asynchronous I/O
8.8.2 Memory-mapped I/O (mmap())
8.8.3 Direct I/O

8.9 64-bit API for 32-bit programs

8.10 NFS

8.11 MIPS Applications Binary Interface (ABI)

8.12 IRIX 4 and IRIX 5 Binary Compatibility

8.13 References


Section 9: MIPSpro Compiler Technology

9.1 The MIPSpro Compiler

9.1.1 Optimizations
9.1.2 Memory Hierarchy (Cache) Optimizations
9.1.3 Automatic and User-assisted Parallelization
9.1.4 High-performance Scientific Libraries
9.1.5 Software Development Support

9.2 Optimization Technology in the MIPSpro Compilation System

9.2.1 Processor Architecture
9.2.2 Application Characteristics
9.2.3 Optimization Technology
9.2.4 Basic Block Optimizations
9.2.5 Global Optimizations
9.2.6 Advanced Optimizations
9.2.7 Floating-point Optimizations
9.2.8 Global Code Motion
9.2.9 Software Pipelining
9.2.10 Pointer Optimization
9.2.11 Loop Optimizations
9.2.12 Parallelization
9.2.13 Procedure Inlining
9.2.14 Interprocedural Analysis (IPA)

9.3 Porting Cray Code

9.3.1 Language Extensions
9.3.2 Compiler Directives for Scalar and Vector Performance
9.3.3 Cray Compiler Parallel-processing Directives

9.4 References

(my thanks to Gareth Edwards for scanning in the text for chapters 6 to 9)


Ian's SGI Depot: FOR SALE! SGI Systems, Parts, Spares and Upgrades

(check my current auctions!)
[WhatsNew] [P.I.] [Indigo] [Indy] [O2] [Indigo2] [Crimson] [Challenge] [Onyx] [Octane] [Origin] [Onyx2]
[Future Technology Research Index] [SGI Tech/Advice Index] [Nintendo64 Tech Info Index]